##' @export
`estimate.multigroup` <- function(x, control=list(),
                           estimator=NULL,
                           weights, weightsname,
                           data2,
                           id=NULL,
                           messages=lava.options()$messages,
                           quick=FALSE,
                           param,
                           cluster,
                           ...) {
    cl <- match.call()
    Optim <- list(
        iter.max=lava.options()$iter.max,
        trace=ifelse(lava.options()$debug,3,0),
        gamma=lava.options()$gamma,
        ngamma=lava.options()$ngamma,
        backtrace=TRUE,
        gamma2=1,
        lambda=0.05,
        abs.tol=1e-9,
        epsilon=1e-10,
        delta=1e-10,
        S.tol=1e-6,
        stabil=FALSE,
        start=NULL,
        constrain=lava.options()$constrain,
        method=NULL,
        starterfun=startvalues0,
        information="E",
        meanstructure=TRUE,
        sparse=FALSE,
        lbound=1e-9,
        reindex=FALSE,
        tol=lava.options()$tol)


    if (!missing(param)) {
        oldparam <- lava.options()$param
        lava.options(param=param)
        on.exit(lava.options(param=oldparam))
    }
    if (!missing(cluster)) id <- cluster

    defopt <- lava.options()[]
    defopt <- defopt[intersect(names(defopt),names(Optim))]
    Optim[names(defopt)] <- defopt

    if (length(control)>0) {
        Optim[names(control)] <- control
    }


    Debug("Start values...")
    if (!is.null(Optim$start) & length(Optim$start)==(x$npar+x$npar.mean)) {
        mystart <- Optim$start
    } else {
        if (messages>1) cat("Obtaining starting value...")
        if (is.null(control$starterfun) && lava.options()$param!="relative")
            Optim$starterfun <- startvalues0
        mystart <- with(Optim, starter.multigroup(x,meanstructure=meanstructure,starterfun=starterfun,messages=messages,fix=FALSE))
        if (!is.null(Optim$start)) {
            pname <- names(Optim$start)
            ppos <- parpos.multigroup(x,p=pname,mean=TRUE)
            if (any(!is.na(ppos)))
                mystart[ppos] <- Optim$start[na.omit(match(attributes(ppos)$name,pname))]
        }
        if (messages>1) cat("\n")
    }
    Debug(mystart)
    Debug("Constraints...")
    ## Setup optimization constraints
    lower <- rep(-Inf, x$npar);
    for (i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
        vpos <- sapply(x$parlist[[i]][variances(x$lvm[[i]],mean=FALSE)], function(y) char2num(substr(y,2,nchar(y))))
        if (length(vpos)>0)
            lower[vpos] <- Optim$lbound
    }
    if (Optim$meanstructure)
        lower <- c(rep(-Inf,x$npar.mean), lower)
    if (any(Optim$constrain)) {
        if (length(Optim$constrain)!=length(lower))
            constrained <- is.finite(lower)
        else
            constrained <- Optim$constrain
        constrained <- which(constrained)
        lower[] <- -Inf
        Optim$constrain <- TRUE
        mystart[constrained] <- log(mystart[constrained])
    }

    if (!missing(weights)) {
        if (is.character(weights)) {
            stweights <- weights
            weights <- list()
            for (i in seq_along(x$data)) {
                newweights <- as.matrix(x$data[[i]][,stweights])
                colnames(newweights) <- index(x$lvm[[i]])$endogenous[seq_len(ncol(newweights))]
                weights <- c(weights, list(newweights))
            }
        }
    } else {
        weights <- NULL
    }
    if (!missing(data2)) {
        if (is.character(data2)) {
            stdata2 <- data2
            data2 <- list()
            for (i in seq_along(x$data)) {
                newdata <- as.matrix(x$data[[i]][,stdata2,drop=FALSE])
                dropcol <- apply(newdata,2,function(x) any(is.na(x)))
                newdata <- newdata[,!dropcol,drop=FALSE]
                colnames(newdata) <- index(x$lvm[[i]])$endogenous[seq_len(ncol(newdata))]
                data2 <- c(data2, list(newdata))
            }
        }
    } else {
        data2 <- NULL
    }

    ## Run hooks (additional lava plugins)
    myhooks <- gethook()
    newweights <- list()
    newdata2 <- list()
    newoptim <- newestimator <- NULL
    for (f in myhooks) {
        for ( i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
            res <- do.call(f, list(x=x$lvm[[i]],data=x$data[[i]],weights=weights[[i]],data2=data2[[i]],estimator=estimator,optim=Optim))
            if (!is.null(res$x)) x$lvm[[i]] <- res$x
            if (!is.null(res$data)) x$data[[i]] <- res$data
            if (!is.null(res$weights)) newweights <- c(newweights,list(res$weights))
            if (!is.null(res$data2)) newdata2 <- c(newdata2,list(res$data2))
            if (!is.null(res$optim)) newoptim <- res$optim
            if (!is.null(res$estimator)) newestimator <- res$estimator
        }
        if (!is.null(newestimator)) estimator <- newestimator
        if (!is.null(newoptim)) Optim <- newoptim
        if (!is.null(res$weights))
            if (!any(unlist(lapply(newweights,is.null)))) {
                weights <- newweights
            }
        if (!is.null(res$data2))
            if (!any(unlist(lapply(newdata2,is.null)))) {
                data2 <- newdata2
            }
    }
    if (is.null(estimator)) {
        if (!missing(weights) && !is.null(weights)) {
            estimator <- "normal"
        } else estimator <- "gaussian"
    }

    checkestimator <- function(x,...) {
        ffname <- paste0(x,c("_objective","_gradient"),".lvm")
        exists(ffname[1])||exists(ffname[2])
    }
    if (!checkestimator(estimator)) { ## Try down/up-case version
        estimator <- tolower(estimator)
        if (!checkestimator(estimator)) {
            estimator <- toupper(estimator)
        }
    }

    Method <-  paste0(estimator, "_method", ".lvm")
    if (!exists(Method))
        Method <- "nlminb1"
    else
        Method <- get(Method)
    if (is.null(Optim$method)) {
        Optim$method <- Method
    }

    ## Check for random slopes
    Xfix <- FALSE
    Xconstrain <- FALSE
    xfix <- list()
    for (i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
        x0 <- x$lvm[[i]]
        data0 <- x$data[[i]]
        xfix0 <- colnames(data0)[(colnames(data0)%in%parlabels(x0,exo=TRUE))]
        xconstrain0 <- intersect(unlist(lapply(constrain(x0),function(z) attributes(z)$args)),manifest(x0))
        xfix <- c(xfix, list(xfix0))
        if (length(xfix0)>0) Xfix<-TRUE ## Yes, random slopes
        if (length(xconstrain0)>0) Xconstrain <- TRUE ## Yes, nonlinear regression
    }

    ## Non-linear parameter constraints involving observed variables? (e.g. nonlinear regression)
    XconstrStdOpt <- TRUE
    xconstrainM <- TRUE
    xconstrain <- c()
    if (Xconstrain)
        for (i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
            x0 <- x$lvm[[i]]
            data0 <- x$data[[i]]
            constr0 <- lapply(constrain(x0), function(z)(attributes(z)$args))
            xconstrain0 <- intersect(unlist(constr0), manifest(x0))
            xconstrain <- c(xconstrain, list(xconstrain0))
            if (length(xconstrain0)>0) {
                constrainM0 <- names(constr0)%in%unlist(x0$mean)
                for (i in seq_len(length(constr0))) {
                    if (!constrainM0[i]) {
                        if (xconstrain0%in%constr0[[i]]) {
                            xconstrainM <- FALSE
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (xconstrainM & ((is.null(control$method) || Optim$method=="nlminb0") & (lava.options()$test & estimator=="gaussian")) ) {
                    XconstrStdOpt <- FALSE
                    Optim$method <- "nlminb0"
                    if (is.null(control$constrain)) control$constrain <- TRUE
                }
            }
        }

    ## Define objective function and first and second derivatives
    ObjectiveFun  <- paste0(estimator, "_objective", ".lvm")
    GradFun  <- paste0(estimator, "_gradient", ".lvm")
    if (!exists(ObjectiveFun) & !exists(GradFun)) stop("Unknown estimator.")

    InformationFun <- paste0(estimator, "_hessian", ".lvm")

    parord <- modelPar(x,seq_len(with(x,npar+npar.mean)))$p
    mymodel <- x

    parkeep <- c()
    myclass <- c("multigroupfit","lvmfit")
    myfix <- list()

    if (Xfix |  (Xconstrain & XconstrStdOpt | !lava.options()$test)) { ## Model with random slopes:
        if (Xfix) {
            myclass <- c(myclass,"lvmfit.randomslope")
            for (k in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
                x1 <- x0 <- x$lvm[[k]]
                data0 <- x$data[[k]]

                nrow <- length(vars(x0))
                xpos <- lapply(xfix[[k]],function(y) which(regfix(x0)$labels==y))
                colpos <- lapply(xpos, function(y) ceiling(y/nrow))
                rowpos <- lapply(xpos, function(y) (y-1)%%nrow+1)
                myfix0 <- list(var=xfix[[k]], col=colpos, row=rowpos)
                myfix <- c(myfix, list(myfix0))

                for (i in seq_along(myfix0$var))
                    for (j in seq_along(myfix0$col[[i]]))
                        regfix(x0,
                               from=vars(x0)[myfix0$row[[i]][j]],to=vars(x0)[myfix0$col[[i]][j]]) <-
                            colMeans(data0[,myfix0$var[[i]],drop=FALSE],na.rm=TRUE)
                index(x0) <- reindex(x0,zeroones=TRUE,deriv=TRUE)
                x$lvm[[k]] <- x0
                parkeep <- c(parkeep, parord[[k]][coef(x1,mean=TRUE,fix=FALSE)%in%coef(x0,mean=TRUE,fix=FALSE)])
            }
            parkeep <- sort(unique(parkeep))
            ## Alter start-values:

            if (length(mystart)!=length(parkeep))
                mystart <- mystart[parkeep]
            lower <- lower[parkeep]
            x <- multigroup(x$lvm,x$data,fix=FALSE,exo.fix=FALSE)
        }

        parord <- modelPar(x,seq_along(mystart))$p
        mydata <- list()
        for (i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
            mydata <- c(mydata, list(as.matrix(x$data[[i]][,manifest(x$lvm[[i]])])))
        }

        myObj <- function(theta) {
            if (Optim$constrain)
                theta[constrained] <- exp(theta[constrained])
            pp <- modelPar(x,theta)$p
            res <- 0
            for (k in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
                x0 <- x$lvm[[k]]
                data0 <- x$data[[k]]
                if (Xfix) {
                    xfix0 <- xfix[[k]]
                    myfix0 <- myfix[[k]]
                }
                p0 <- pp[[k]]
                myfun <- function(ii) {
                    if (Xfix)
                        for (i in seq_along(myfix0$var)) {
                            x0$fix[cbind(myfix0$row[[i]],myfix0$col[[i]])] <-
                                index(x0)$A[cbind(myfix0$row[[i]],myfix0$col[[i]])] <-
                                            data0[ii,xfix0[i]]
                        }
                    if (is.list(data2[[k]][ii,])) {
                        res <- do.call(ObjectiveFun, list(x=x0, p=p0,
                                                          data=data0[ii,manifest(x0),drop=FALSE],
                                                          n=1, S=NULL, weights=weights[[k]][ii,],
                                                          data2=data2[[k]]))

                    } else {
                        res <- do.call(ObjectiveFun, list(x=x0, p=p0,
                                                          data=data0[ii,manifest(x0),drop=FALSE],
                                                          n=1, S=NULL, weights=weights[[k]][ii,],
                                                          data2=data2[[k]][ii,]))
                    }
                    return(res)
                }
                res <- res + sum(sapply(seq_len(nrow(mydata[[k]])),myfun))
            }
            res
        }

        myGrad <- function(theta) {
            if (Optim$constrain) {
                theta[constrained] <- exp(theta[constrained])
            }
            pp <- modelPar(x,theta)$p
            D0 <- res <- rbind(numeric(length(mystart)))
            for (k in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
                if (Xfix) {
                    myfix0 <- myfix[[k]]
                }
                x0 <- x$lvm[[k]]
                myfun <- function(ii) {
                    if (Xfix)
                        for (i in seq_along(myfix0$var)) {
                            x0$fix[cbind(myfix0$row[[i]],myfix0$col[[i]])] <-
                                index(x0)$A[cbind(myfix0$row[[i]],myfix0$col[[i]])] <-
                                            x$data[[k]][ii,xfix[[k]][i]]
                        }
                    if (is.list(data2[[k]][ii,])) {

                    } else {
                        val <- do.call(GradFun, list(x=x0, p=pp[[k]],
                                                     data=mydata[[k]][ii,,drop=FALSE], n=1,
                                                     S=NULL,
                                                     weights=weights[[k]][ii,],
                                                     data2=data2[[k]][ii,]))
                    }
                    return(val)
                }
                D <- D0; D[parord[[k]]] <- rowSums(sapply(seq_len(nrow(mydata[[k]])),myfun))
                res <- res+D
            }
            if (Optim$constrain) {
                res[constrained] <- res[constrained]*theta[constrained]
            }
            return(as.vector(res))
        }

        myInformation <- function(theta) {
            theta0 <- theta
            if (Optim$constrain) {
                theta[constrained] <- exp(theta[constrained])
            }
            pp <- modelPar(x,theta)$p
            I0 <- res <- matrix(0,length(theta),length(theta))
            grad <- grad0 <- numeric(length(theta))
            for (k in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
                x0 <- x$lvm[[k]]
                if (Xfix) {
                    myfix0 <- myfix[[k]]
                }
                myfun <- function(ii) {
                    if (Xfix)
                        for (i in seq_along(myfix0$var)) {
                            x0$fix[cbind(myfix0$row[[i]],myfix0$col[[i]])] <- index(x0)$A[cbind(myfix0$row[[i]],myfix0$col[[i]])] <-
                                                                                          x$data[[k]][ii,xfix[[k]][i]]
                        }
                    I <- I0
                    J <- do.call(InformationFun,
                                 list(x=x0, p=pp[[k]],
                                      data=mydata[[k]][ii,], n=1,
                                      S=NULL,
                                      weights=weights[[k]][ii,],
                                      data2=data2[[k]][ii,],
                                      type=Optim$information
                                      )
                                 )
                    D <- grad0
                    if (!is.null(attributes(J)$grad)) {
                        D[ parord[[k]] ] <- attributes(J)$grad
                        attributes(I)$grad <- D
                    }
                    I[ parord[[k]], parord[[k]] ] <- J
                    return(I)
                }
                L <- lapply(seq_len(nrow(x$data[[k]])),function(x) myfun(x))
                if (!is.null(attributes(L[[1]])$grad))
                    grad <- grad + rowSums(matrix((unlist(lapply(L,function(x) attributes(x)$grad))),ncol=length(L)))
                res <- res + apply(array(unlist(L),dim=c(length(theta),length(theta),nrow(x$data[[k]]))),c(1,2),sum)
            }
            if (!is.null(attributes(L[[1]])$grad))
                attributes(res)$grad <- grad
            return(res)
        }
    } else { ## Model without random slopes:
        ## Non-linear parameter constraints involving observed variables? (e.g. nonlinear regression)
        yconstrain <- c()
        iconstrain <- c()
        xconstrain <- c()
        for (j in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
            x0 <- x$lvm[[j]]
            data0 <- x$data[[j]]
            xconstrain0 <- c()
            for (i in seq_len(length(constrain(x0)))) {
                z <- constrain(x0)[[i]]
                xx <- intersect(attributes(z)$args,manifest(x0))
                if (length(xx)>0) {
                    warg <- setdiff(attributes(z)$args,xx)
                    wargidx <- which(attributes(z)$args%in%warg)
                    exoidx <- which(attributes(z)$args%in%xx)
                    parname <- names(constrain(x0))[i]
                    y <- names(which(unlist(lapply(intercept(x0),function(x) x==parname))))
                    el <- list(i,y,parname,xx,exoidx,warg,wargidx,z)
                    names(el) <- c("idx","endo","parname","exo","exoidx","warg","wargidx","func")
                    xconstrain0 <- c(xconstrain0,list(el))
                }
            }
            yconstrain0 <- unlist(lapply(xconstrain0,function(x) x$endo))
            iconstrain0 <- unlist(lapply(xconstrain0,function(x) x$idx))
            xconstrain <- c(xconstrain, list(xconstrain0))
            yconstrain <- c(yconstrain, list(yconstrain0))
            iconstrain <- c(iconstrain, list(iconstrain0))
        }

        MkOffset <- function(pp,x,data,xconstrain,grad=FALSE) {
            if (length(xconstrain)>0) {
                Mu <- matrix(0,nrow(data),length(vars(x))); colnames(Mu) <- vars(x)
                M <- modelVar(x,p=pp,data=data)
                M$parval <- c(M$parval,  x$mean[unlist(lapply(x$mean,is.numeric))])
                for (i in seq_len(length(xconstrain))) {
                    pp <- unlist(M$parval[xconstrain[[i]]$warg]);
                    myidx <- with(xconstrain[[i]],order(c(wargidx,exoidx)))
                    mu <- with(xconstrain[[i]],
                              apply(data[,exo,drop=FALSE],1,
                                    function(x) func(
                                             unlist(c(pp,x))[myidx])))
                    Mu[,xconstrain[[i]]$endo] <- mu
                }
                offsets <- Mu%*%t(M$IAi)[,endogenous(x)]
                return(offsets)
            }
            return(NULL)
        }


        myObj <- function(theta) {
            theta0 <- theta
            if (Optim$constrain) {
                theta[constrained] <- exp(theta[constrained])
            }
            pp <- modelPar(x,theta)$p
            res <- c()
            for (i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
                offset <- MkOffset(pp[[i]],x$lvm[[i]],x$data[[i]],xconstrain[[i]])
                x0 <- x$lvm[[i]]
                data0 <- x$data[[i]][,index(x$lvm[[i]])$manifest,drop=FALSE]
                S <- x$samplestat[[i]]$S
                mu <- x$samplestat[[i]]$mu
                n <- x$samplestat[[i]]$n
                if (!is.null(offset)) {
                    x0$constrain[iconstrain[[i]]] <- NULL
                    pd <- procdata.lvm(x0,data0[,endogenous(x0),drop=FALSE]-offset)
                    S[endogenous(x0),endogenous(x0)] <- pd$S
                    mu[endogenous(x0)] <- pd$mu
                    n <- pd$n
                    x0$mean[yconstrain[[i]]] <- 0
                }
                res <- c(res,
                         do.call(ObjectiveFun, list(x=x0, p=pp[[i]], data=data0, S=S, mu=mu, n=n, weights=weights[[i]], data2=data2[[i]], offset=offset)))

            }
            sum(res)
        }

        if (!exists(GradFun)) {
            myGrad <- NULL
        } else  {
            myGrad <- function(theta) {
                theta0 <- theta
                if (Optim$constrain) {
                    theta[constrained] <- exp(theta[constrained])
                }
                pp <- modelPar(x,theta)$p
                D0 <- res <- rbind(numeric(length(theta)))
                for (i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
                    repval <- with(x$samplestat[[i]],
                                   do.call(GradFun, list(x=x$lvm[[i]],p=pp[[i]],
                                                         data=x$data[[i]][,index(x$lvm[[i]])$manifest,drop=FALSE],
                                                         S=S,mu=mu,n=n,
                                                         weights=weights[[i]], data2=data2[[i]])))
                    D <- D0; D[ parord[[i]] ] <- repval
                    res <- res + D
                }
                if (Optim$constrain) {
                    res[constrained] <- res[constrained]*theta[constrained]
                }
                return(as.vector(res))
            }
        }

        myInformation <- function(theta) {
            theta0 <- theta
            if (Optim$constrain) {
                theta[constrained] <- exp(theta[constrained])
            }
            pp <- modelPar(x,theta)$p
            I0 <- res <- matrix(0,length(theta),length(theta))
            for (i in seq_len(x$ngroup)) {
                I <- I0;
                I[ parord[[i]], parord[[i]] ] <- with(x$samplestat[[i]], do.call(InformationFun, list(p=pp[[i]], x=x$lvm[[i]], data=x$data[[i]],
                                                                                                      S=S, mu=mu, n=n, weights=weights[[i]],
                                                                                                      data2=data2[[i]],
                                                                                                      type=Optim$information)))
                res <- res + I
            }
            D <- myGrad(theta0)
            if (Optim$constrain) {
                res[constrained,-constrained] <- apply(res[constrained,-constrained,drop=FALSE],2,function(x) x*theta[constrained]);
                res[-constrained,constrained] <- t(res[constrained,-constrained])
                if (sum(constrained)==1) {
                    res[constrained,constrained] <- res[constrained,constrained]*outer(theta[constrained],theta[constrained]) - (D[constrained])
                } else {
                    res[constrained,constrained] <- res[constrained,constrained]*outer(theta[constrained],theta[constrained]) - diag(D[constrained],nrow=length(constrained))
                }
            }
            attributes(res)$grad <- D
            return(res)
        }
    }

    if (!exists(InformationFun)) myInformation <- NULL
    else if (is.null(get(InformationFun))) myInformation <- NULL
    if (is.null(get(GradFun))) myGrad <- NULL

    if (messages>1) cat("Optimizing objective function...\n")
    if (lava.options()$debug) {
        print(lower)
        print(Optim$constrain)
        print(Optim$method)
    }
    opt <- do.call(Optim$method,
                   list(start=mystart, objective=myObj, gradient=myGrad, hessian=myInformation, lower=lower, control=Optim))

    opt$estimate <- opt$par
    if (Optim$constrain) {
        opt$estimate[constrained] <- exp(opt$estimate[constrained])
    }
    if (quick) return(list(opt=opt,vcov=NA))

    if (is.null(myGrad) | !XconstrStdOpt ) {
        ## if (!requireNamespace("numDeriv")) {
        ##   opt$gradient <- naiveGrad(myObj, opt$estimate)
        ## } else {
        opt$gradient <- numDeriv::grad(myObj, opt$par, method=lava.options()$Dmethod)
    } else {
        opt$gradient <- myGrad(opt$estimate)
    }

    if (!is.null(opt$convergence)) {
        if (opt$convergence!=0) warning("Lack of convergence. Increase number of iteration or change starting values.")
    } else if (!is.null(opt$gradient) && mean(opt$gradient)^2>1e-3) warning("Lack of convergence. Increase number of iteration or change starting values.")

    if (!XconstrStdOpt) {
        myInformation <- function(theta) information(x,p=theta)
    } else {
        if (is.null(myInformation)) {
            ##     if (!requireNamespace("numDeriv")) stop("I do not know how to calculate the asymptotic variance of this estimator.
            ## For numerical approximation please install the library 'numDeriv'.")
            if (!is.null(myGrad) & XconstrStdOpt)
                myInformation <- function(theta) numDeriv::jacobian(myGrad, theta, method=lava.options()$Dmethod)
            else {
                myInformation <- function(theta) numDeriv::hessian(myObj, theta)
            }
        }
    }
    I <- myInformation(opt$estimate)
    asVar <- tryCatch(Inverse(I),
                      error=function(e) matrix(NA, length(mystart), length(mystart)))

    res <- list(model=x, model0=mymodel, call=cl, opt=opt, meanstructure=Optim$meanstructure,
                vcov=asVar, estimator=estimator, weights=weights, data2=data2, cluster=id)
    class(res) <- myclass

    myhooks <- gethook("post.hooks")
    for (f in myhooks) {
        res0 <- do.call(f,list(x=res))
        if (!is.null(res0))
            res <- res0
    }

    return(res)
}

estimate_lvmlist <-
    function(x, data, messages=lava.options()$messages, fix, missing=FALSE,  ...) {
        if (base::missing(data)) {
            return(estimate(x[[1]],x[[2]],missing=missing,...))
        }
        nm <- length(x)
        if (nm==1) {
            return(estimate(x[[1]],data,missing=missing,...))
        }
        if (!all(unlist(lapply(x, function(y) inherits(y,"lvm")))))
            stop ("Expected a list of 'lvm' objects.")
        if (is.data.frame(data)) {
            warning("Only one dataset - going for standard analysis on each submodel.")
            res <- c()
            for (i in seq_len(nm)) {
                res <- c(res, list(estimate(x[[i]],data=data,messages=0,missing=missing, ...)))
            }
            return(res)
        }

        if (nm!=length(data)) stop("Supply dataset for each model")

        Xfix <- FALSE
        xfix <- list()
        for (i in seq_along(x)) {
            data0 <- data[[i]]
            xfix0 <- colnames(data0)[(colnames(data0)%in%parlabels(x[[i]],exo=TRUE))]
            xfix <- c(xfix, list(xfix0))
            if (length(xfix0)>0) { ## Yes, random slopes
                Xfix<-TRUE
            }
        }
        if (base::missing(fix)) {
            fix <- ifelse(Xfix,FALSE,TRUE)
        }


        mg <- multigroup(x,data,fix=fix,missing=missing,...)
        res <- estimate(mg,...)

        return(res)
    }

